Which is a false statement about a shell and tube condenser?

In reviewing the characteristics of a shell and tube condenser, it's important to note that a shell and tube condenser typically has a specific design where the refrigerant absorbs heat and condenses on the tube side, while the cooling water circulates through the shell side. Thus, stating that water is "normally circulated through the shell" does not accurately represent the common operating principle; rather, the refrigerant flows within the tubes, while the cooling water flows around the outside of these tubes in the shell.

The other statements about shell and tube condensers reflect accurate practices in refrigeration systems. For example, using discharge water from a compressor as coolant can be part of a different setup in systems where waste heat is utilized, and the mention of cooling towers in cases of scarce water supply supports the need for alternative cooling methods. Additionally, it is entirely feasible for a shell and tube unit to function both as a condenser and as a receiver, depending on the design and application. Thus, the false statement is one that misrepresents the fundamental operation of a shell and tube condenser regarding the flow of cooling water.