What type of refrigeration compressor can use a steam turbine as a prime mover?

The correct choice is the centrifugal compressor, as it is specifically designed to efficiently convert mechanical energy into refrigerant flow, using a continuous and smooth process. A steam turbine, which operates by converting steam energy into mechanical work, is particularly well-suited to driving centrifugal compressors due to their high flow rates and lower pressure ratios. This combination allows the system to operate at optimal efficiency, especially in large-scale installations where high capacities are required.

Centrifugal compressors are often used in large chillers and industrial applications where the need for high volume and efficiency is paramount. The design of these compressors, which utilizes a rotating impeller to impart velocity to the refrigerant, aligns perfectly with the steady and high rotational speeds produced by steam turbines. This synergy results in an effective and efficient refrigeration cycle.

In contrast, reciprocating compressors, rotary compressors, and hermetic compressors are typically driven by electric motors or other types of prime movers that deliver a different kind of mechanical power profile, which may not match the operating characteristics required for steam turbine applications. These other types of compressors are not optimized for the specific operational dynamics provided by a steam turbine, limiting their use in such applications.