What does the term "latent heat" refer to?

Latent heat refers to the heat energy that is absorbed or released by a substance during a phase change, without a change in temperature. This is crucial in understanding how substances transition between solid, liquid, and gas states. For example, when water boils and changes from liquid to vapor, it absorbs heat energy. Conversely, when steam condenses back to water, it releases that same amount of heat. This concept is essential in refrigeration and air conditioning, as it helps engineers design systems that effectively manage heat transfer during these phase changes, optimizing performance and energy efficiency. Understanding latent heat is vital for controlling temperatures and maintaining desired conditions in refrigeration systems.